IoT Overview – IoT Heart

An IoT solution is easier to understand when it is separated into clear layers. IoT Heart uses this practical seven-layer model to show how physical devices, networks, processing, data and applications work together.

The model is a decision-making aid, not a rigid standard. Some organisations group these functions differently, but the same technical and operational questions still need to be answered.

IoT Heart reference model

The seven layers of an IoT solution

Follow the stack from physical devices to business applications. Security applies across every layer.

Select any layer to explore its role, technologies and design considerations.

06Application LayerUser experiences, workflows and business systems 05Analytics LayerRules, models and insight from operational data 04Data Management LayerIngestion, storage, context and governance 03Edge Computing LayerLocal processing, control and resilience 02Connectivity LayerNetworks, protocols and device reach 01Device LayerSensors, actuators, firmware and physical assets

Across the stack Security Layer

Identity, access, encryption, secure updates and monitoring must be designed into every part of the system.

Explore security

Where should you start? Begin with the Device Layer if you are learning the model, or choose the layer closest to the decision you are currently making.